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Introduction
Heart disease is the world’s largest
killer, claiming 17.5 million
lives every year. About every 29
seconds, an Indian dies of heart
problem. As many as 20,000 new
heart patients develop everyday
in India, six crore Indians suffer
from heart disease and 30 percent
more are at high risk. By
2020, India will have the largest
coronary heart disease (CAD)
burden in the world and will account
for one third of all deaths,
many of them will be young. The
risk of sudden cardiac death
from coronary artery disease in
adults is estimated to be 1 per
1,000 adults 35 years of age and
older per year. About 75 percent
to 80 percent of all out-of-hospital
cardiac arrests happen at
home. Hence, being trained to
perform basic life support (BLS)
can make the difference between
life and death for a victim.
Effective BLS provided immediately
after cardiac arrest
can double a victim’s chance of
survival. If more people know
BLS, more lives can be saved.
Health behaviour is a major target
of teaching and it is assumed
that teaching helps in changing
behaviour through cognitive
and psychomotor changes.
Each individual is responsible
for maintenance of their health.
The younger generation
needs to grow into healthy
behaviour and acquire healthrelated
knowledge and skills
hence the investigator felt that
planned teaching programme is
The Author is Lecturer, BMCHRC, College
of Nursing, Jaipur.
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the method of imparting necessary
skills on BLS with which
casualities can be revived.
Objectives
1. To assess the existing level
of knowledge and practice
of high school student on
BLS.
2. To develop and validate
planned teaching
programme (PTP) on
knowledge and practice regarding
basic life support.
3. To determine the effectiveness
of PTP in terms of gain
in knowledge and practice
scores.
4. To determine the relationship
between knowledge
and practice scores of BLS
among high school students.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework
adopted for the study was from
general systems theory by
Ludwig von Bertalanffy.
Assumptions
1. High school students will
have some knowledge on
basic life support.
2. High school students have
the potential to learn about
BLS.
3. Knowledge and practice
are measurable.
4. There will be a relationship
between knowledge and
practice of BLS.
5. PTP is an effective way to
improve the knowledge on
BLS of high school students
on BLS.
Hypotheses
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To achieve the stated objectives,
the following hypotheses were
formulated at 0.05 level of significance.
H1: The mean post-test knowledge
score of students will
be significantly higher than
the mean pre-test knowledge
scores on BLS.
H2: The mean post-test practice
score of students who
underwent PTP will be significantly
higher than the
mean pre-test practice
score on BLS.
H3: There will be a significant
relationship between
knowledge and practice of
high school students on
BLS.
Delimitations
The study is delimited to:
1. high school students of 14-
16 years studying in 10th
standard.
2. high school students who
are willing to participate.
3. high school students of rural
Mangalore.
4. demonstration of mouth-tomouth
ventilation and external
cardiac compression.
5. high school students who
can speak and read English.
6. high school students
present at the time of data
collection.
Research Methodology
The research design used for the
study was quasi-experimental
design. The sample consisted of
40 rural high school students belonging
to 14-16 years. The study
was conducted in rural high
schools of Mangalore and the
subjects were selected through
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simple random sampling technique.
The investigator after obtaining
BLS certification from
a reputed institute conducted
the data collection. The tools for
the data collection were structured
knowledge questionnaire
& observation check list. The
content validity was established
by 9 experts. The reliability of
the structured questionnaire
was computed by split half
method and found to be 0.8 and
observational check list by inter-
rater reliability and found to
be 0.82. The pilot study was conducted
on five samples selected
randomly. The structured questionnaire
on BLS consisted of
meaning goal of BLS, procedure
of BLS and post resuscitation
complication observation
checklist consisted of assessment
phase and performance
phase. The pre-test was conducted
on the first day followed
by PTP and post-test was conducted
on day 8.
Results
Data analysis revealed that majority
of the sample (23, 57.5%)
were in the age group of 14-15
years and 17 (42.5%) in the age
group of 15-16 years; 20 (50%)
were males and 20 (50%) were
females; 34 (85%) were not exposed
to any information on
BLS. The mean post-test knowledge
score (74.92%) was found to
be significantly higher than the
mean pre-test knowledge score
(27.03%) (tcal value =31.019,
p<0.05). Similarly the mean
post-test practice score
(69.50%)was found to be significantly
higher than the mean
pre-test practice score (18.11%).
(tcal value=30.929, p<0.05 ).The
coefficient of correlation between
the pre-test knowledge
and practice and post-test
knowledge and practice were
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(r=-0.203, r= -0.021) at 0.05 level
of significance indicating there
is low negative correlation.
Scope of the Study
The study sought to reveal the
existing knowledge and practice
of high school students on
BLS, and motivate the high
school students to update on
BLS. Further, the administration
of PTP would increase the
knowledge and practice on BLS.
Suggestions
 Nurses should be motivated
to take keen interest
in preparing different
teaching strategies suitable
for the schools as well as
community on BLS.
Using different teaching
strategies would help in imparting
knowledge and skill
to the students and public
on BLS.
Awareness campaigns can
be conducted on regular
basis with emphasis on basic
life support.
BLS competency should be
included in the orientation
programme for the new
graduates.
In-service education can be
planned for the nurses to
keep them updated with latest
guidelines on BLS; also
there should be renewal of
BLS competency at least
twice a year.
Periodical evaluation
should be conducted by the
nursing superintendent to
ensure that standard of CPR
competency is maintained.
Ongoing school health
programmes can be conducted
for high school student
on BLS.
BLS should be included in
the general education so
that students can attain
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competency on BLS.
Recommendations
It is recommended that a similar
study can be replicated (i) on a
larger sample with different demographic
characteristics, (ii)
an experimental study may be
conducted with randomisation
using video tapes, simulators and
other teaching aids, (iii) using
two rescuer methods on adult,
pediatric basic life support. A
comparative study can be carried
out on knowledge of BLS among
students and staff nurses.
Conclusion
The study showed that majority
(35, 87.5%) of the students had
inadequate knowledge and 40
(100%) had poor practice. The
PTP facilitated them to update
their knowledge and practice
related to BLS. Hence the PTP
was an effective teaching strategy
to improve the knowledge
and practice of sample on BLS.
References
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Move Into The ICU”. Times of India.
September 30
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on 28/08/07
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4. http://www.searo.who.int accessed
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of Nursing Research (3rd
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Publishers
6. Julia J Hedges Christine (2003).
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Methodology.(2nd Edn), New Delhi.
New Age International Publishers,
Ch 1-2; pp: 56-57
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